Humour – Battle Hymn Of Cwrs Cymraeg

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Ellis Jones was in the beginner’s class at Cwrs Cymraeg Iowa, 1997, when he penned the following verses (set to the tune “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”) about the experience of learning Welsh. Give it a go.


Battle Hymn Of Cwrs Cymraeg

Verse 1:
Mine eyes have seen the words of Cymru printed on the board
They have been pronounced and spelled and sung with such accord
We’ve learned the way to greet each other with a helping list
of sentences and songs including one in which we kissed!

Refrain:
We have tried to learn Cymraeg here!
We have tried to spell Cymraeg here!
We have tried to do our best here!
But the language still lives on!

Verse 2:
Cefin and Hefina, Paul and Marta, Basil, too
All of these besides our teacher who was tiwtor Sue
Lots of words, mutations, place names, numbers, and the days
Vocabulary soon to help us all in many ways.

Refrain

Verse 3:
Yes, Bore da and Noswaith dda and da bo chi as well
Saying wedi blino and, yes Dw i’n dod o Hell (Michigan)
The messages have sometimes not said what we really meant
But maybe that’s the way they talk in little tiny Gwent

Refrain

Verse 4:
You’ve heard the valiant story of our efforts to excel
To master all the challenges our teachers do us tell.
But we really like their patience over all these many days
It’s Dioch yn fawr! and all the other words of gentle praise.

Refrain



Webmaster’s Note: The teaching staff of Cwrs Cymraeg Iowa 1997 (Cefin Campbell, Hefina Phillips, Paul Birt, Marta Weingartner Diaz, Basil Davies and Sue George) take pride of place in the second verse.

Chair 1995 – Dyddiadur Branwen

Y ddarn fuddugol yn nghystadleuaeth Gadair Cymdeithas Madog, Cwrs Cymraeg Atlanta, 1995 gan Iolo Morgannwg (Wayne Harbert)


Dyddiadur Branwen

Nos Fawrth: Efallai bod y ddrudwen yn hedfan o hyd, maban i, dros y môr llwydlas, fy neges dan ei adain. Crynodd fy llaw pan wthiais i hi trwy ffenestr fach fy nghell. Fis yn ôl oedd hynny? Ni allaf i gofio yn holloll. Yr oedd hi yn gyfaill mwyn i mi. Ai pechod mawr oedd danfon creadur mor ddiniwed a ffyddlon i droi’r byd wyneb i waered? Dyna’r tro cyntaf fy mywyd yr wyf i wedi gwneud rhywbeth i benderfynu fy nhynged fy hun, ond ni allwn i wneud hynny heb dynghedu mamau a phlant eraill. Ceisiwn i fod yn ufudd, yn chwaer barchus, yn wraig gariadus. Pan roes fy mrawd fi yn wraig i frenin y wlad hon, ni chwynais i. Ceisiais i hyd yn oed ddysgu ei iaith, sydd yn swnio mor ddiethr a chras yn fy nghlustiau. Pan alludiodd dy dad fi i gegin y llys, derbyniais i hynny hefyd heb gwyn, er fy mod i’n ddieuog. Gallwn i oeddef llawer – y gell ddiolau a llaith, ergydion gan y cigydd tew, chwerthin dirmygus yr uchelwyr cas. Popeth eithr dy golli di. Oherwydd hynny yn unig y pechais i yn erbyn fy ufudddod gwargaled. Neb ond Duw a wyr beth fydd yn tyfu o’r troedd hwnnw.

Dydd Mercher: Gwelais i seren lesg neithiwr trwy’r ffenestr. Cochlyd oedd hi. Yr wyf yn colli fy nrudwy.

Dydd Iau: Yr oedd yr afon mor hyfryd pan euthum i nôl dwr yn y bore. Mae glas y gors yn tyfu ar y lan. Casglais i ychydig ohonynt, a’u cuddio dan fy ngwisg rhag i’r cigydd eu gweld. Dyn angharedig ydyw ef, sydd yn drewi o farwolaeth. Ni wn i beth y buasai ef yn ei wneud oni bai fy mod i yn wraig y brenin.

Dydd Gwener: Yr oedd cynnwrf mawr yn y llys wedi i’r meichiaid gyrraedd i adrodd am y rhyfeddod a welsent hwy y bore hwn. Y taeogion truenus! Yr oeddent mewn penbleth mawr. Ni welsent hwy erioed fyddin dramor yn dod i’r wlad, a ni wyddent sut i’w disgrifio. “Edrychodd fel pe bai coed mawr yn symud dros y môr atom, Arglwydd.” dywedasant hwy. Yr oedd rhaid i’m gwr fy nôl innau i esbonio’r peth. Disgwylent y buaswn i’n mynd i’w weld ar unwaith, ond dywedais i, “Mae rhaid i chwi roi gwisg deg a glân i fi cyn hynny. Ni fyddaf i’n mynd at fy ngwr wedi gwisgo fel morwyn.” Brenhines wyf innau, er gwaethaf popeth.

“Hwylbrennau llynges enfawr fy mrawd ydyw’r ‘coed’,” dywedais i wrtho. “Y mae ef yn dod i’m achub, ac i’m dial.” Chwarddais yn chwerw tra dywedais i hynny, ond ni theimlwn yn llidiog. Teimlwn yn ofnus. Peth ofnadwy yw byddin, hyd yn oed pan mae hi’n dod o’m hen wlad.

Wedyn, daethant â fi yn ôl i’m cell, a darparu ffôi. Gallaf glywed seiniau’r paratoadau trwy y muriau. Byddant hwy yn cilio dros yr Afon Llinon. Mae hi’n llifo yn wyllt yn awr. Efallai y bydd hi’n ddigon i rwystro fy mrawd. Bydd y menywod yn ffôi i’r ogofeydd. Gallaf gydymdeimlo gyda hwy, yma yn fy ogof fy hun. Eu plant sydd gyda hwy, o leiaf. Mae fy maban innau yn aros gyda ei dad. Ond ni fyddaf yn wylo amdano bellach.

Dydd Sadwrn, Glasddydd: Mae pawb wedi mynd ymaith. Pawb ond fi. Fe’m gadawsant ar ôl, ond fe’m rhyddhasant o’m cell. Efallai y bydd hynny yn ddigon i lonyddu fy mrawd. Nid oes dim i’wn wneud ond aros. O na buaswn i’n rhyfelwr! Na, ni ddymunaf hynny. Aros y byddaf i.

Dydd Llun: Llwyddodd byddin fy mrawd i groesi’r afon. Gyda hwy yr wyf i yn awr. Yr oedd ef mor ddig nes fy nod i prin yn ei adnabod ef. Dig yn wastad yw’r hen Efnisien, wrth gwrs. Ni eill ef ddim ond casâu. Ond ar ôl iddo glywed am lwyddiant fy mrawd, danfonodd Matholwch lysgenhadwyr i erfyn am gyngor heddwch. Y mae’r Gwyddelod yn adeiladu neuadd enfawr ar gyfer y cyngor. Gallaf eu gweld hwy o gopa’r bryn yn torri coed. Efallai y bydd hynny yn ddigon i fodloni fy mrawd. Mae’n dda gweld byddin yn adeiladu, yn lle difetha.

A thi, fy mab, fydd yn cael dy ddewis yn frenin y ddwy wlad, wedi iddynt hwy greu heddwch. A brenin trugarog a chyfiawn fyddi di, sydd yn adeiladu yn lle difetha, a sydd yn amddiffyn y mamau a’u plant, er gwaethaf pobl fel dy ewythr Efnisien a dyd dad. A byddaf innau’n ufuddhau iti yn llawn.

A oes angylion sydd yn gofalu amdanom, annwyl Gwern?

Iolo Morgannwg


The Diary Of Branwen

Tuesday Night: Perhaps the starling is still flying, my baby, across the grey-blue sea, my message under her wing. My hand shook when I pushed her through the little window of my cell. A month ago, was it? I can’t remember exactly. She was a gentle companion to me. Was it a great sin to send so harmless and faithful a creature to turn the world upside down? That was the first time in my life that I have done something to determine my own fate, but I couldn’t do it without fixing the fate of other mothers and other children. I tried to be obedient – a respectable sister, a loving wife. When my brother gave me as wife to the king of this land, I did not complain. I even tried to learn his language, which sounds so strange and coarse to my ears. When your father exiled me to the kitchen of the court, I accepted that too without complaint, though I am innocent. I could tolerate much – the dark, wet cell, the blows of the fat butcher, the scornful laughter of the hateful nobles. Everything but missing you. Because of that alone I have sinned against my stiff-necked obedience. None but God knows what will grow from that sin.

Wednesday: I saw a faint star last night through the window. Reddish, it was. I miss my starling.

Thursday: The river was so pretty when I went to fetch water in the morning. Forget-me-nots were growing on the bank. I gathered a few of them and hid them under my dress, so that the butcher wouldn’t see them. He is a hateful man, who smells of death. I don’t know what he would do if I weren’t the wife of the king.

Friday: There was a great commotion in the court after the swineherds arrived to report about the wonder they had seen this morning. The poor peasants! They were greatly perplexed. They had never seen a foreign army come to the land, and they didn’t know how to describe it. “It looked as if a great forest were moving across the sea toward us, Lord,” they said. My husband had to fetch me to explain the thing. They expected that I would go to see him at once, but I said, “You must give me a pretty, clean dress before that. I will not go to my husband dressed like a maidservant.” I am a queen, in spite of everything.

“The ‘forest’ is the masts of my brother’s fleet,” I told him. “he is coming to save me, and to avenge me.” I laughed bitterly as I said that, but I didn’t feel angry. I felt afraid. An army is a fearsome thing, even when it comes from my dear country.

Afterwards, they brought me back to my cell and prepared to flee. I can hear the sounds of the preparations through the walls. They will retreat across the river Llinon. it is flowing wildly now. Perhaps that will be enough to stop my brother. The women will flee to caves. I can sympathize with them, here in my own cave. Their children are with them, at least. My son remains with his father. But I will not cry about him anymore.

Saturday, Daybreak: Everyone has gone away. Everyone but me. They left me behind, but they freed me from my cell. Perhaps that will be enough to satisfy my brother. There is nothing to do now but wait. If only I were a warrior! No, I do not wish that. I will wait.

Monday: My brother’s army succeeded in crossing the river. I am with them now. He was so angry that I almost didn’t recognize him. Old Efnisien is always angry, of course. he can’t do anything but hate. But after hearing about my brother’s success, Matholwch sent ambassadors to sue for a peace conference. The Irish are building a huge hall for the conference. I can see them from the top of the hill, cutting wood. Perhaps that will be enough to content my brother. If is good to see an army building instead of destroying.

And you, my son, will be chosen king of the two lands, after they have made peace. And you will be a merciful and just king, who builds instead of destroys, and who protects the mothers and their children, in spite of people like your Uncle Efnisien and your father. And I will obey you gladly.

Are their angels who watch over us, dear Gwern?

Wayne Harbert
Cyfieithiad gan / Translation by Wayne Harbert

Chair 1994 – Pe Bawn I

Y ddarn fuddugol yn nghystadleuaeth Gadair Cymdeithas Madog,
Cwrs Cymraeg Baltimore A’r Fro, 1994 gan Robert Roser


Pe Bawn I …

"Pe bawn i’n ddyn cyfoethog …", Mae Tevya yn canu mewn comedi: Ffidlwr Ar Y To.

Sawl gwaith ydych chi’n clywed y geiriau? Dim yn unig pe bawn n’n gyfoethog,ond pe bawn i’n Rhywun arall, neu be bai gennyf i Rywbeth arbennig. Er enghraifft: "Pe bawn i’n gyfoethog, byddwn i’n helpu pobl dlawd, rhoi arian i’r capel (neu eglwys), rhoi arian i Gymdeithas Madog."

Mae llawer o fenywod yn meddwl: pe bawn i’n ddyn, ni fyddai rhaid imi weithio mor galed. Mae llawer o ddynion yn meddwl siwr o fod: pe bawn i’n fenyw, ni fyddai rhaid imi weithio mor galed.

Pe bawn i … mae yna freuddwydion pawb dros y byd. Llawer gwaith mae gennyf y breuddwydion yna yn ystod y dydd wrth eistedd y tu ôl i’r ddesg, yn edrych ar sgrin y cyfrifiadur. Ond rwan, nid fi yn yr ogof-swydd-fa-cuddyg – ond fi ydy’r ogofwr gwir.

Dyma fi wedi nghwisgo mewn ffwr anifeiliaid gwyllt. Rydw i’n eistedd o flaen y tân. Mae ngwallt yn hir ac yn wyllt. Rydw i’n cnoi ar asgwrn, ond mae ngwallt a’m dillad ffwr yn gwneud nghost. Ac mae arth yn sefyll wrth y porth ac mae e’n ddig iawn!

Hedfan i ffwrdd ar unwaith! Rydw i’n glanio yn Rhufain oesol. Ond fe laniais i yng nghanol y Colisewm. Gladiator ydw i. Wel, da iawn, felly, rydw i’n barod am antur. Mae gladiator arall yn sefyll o’mlaen i, sy’n edrych fel meistr-swyddfa yn union. Cleddyf yn erbyn cleddyf ydy’r ymladd yn dechrau. Fi sy’n syrthio. Fe syrthiais ar y tywod. Mae’r meistr yn sefyll uwchben. Bodiau y bobl ydy troi i lawr. Arglwydd mawr! Mae’n hen bryd i hedfan eto!

I ffwrdd â fi!

I ble? Y tro yma, dydw i ddim eisiau bod yn ddyn tlawd. Mae gennyf syniad ardderchog. Beth rydw i’n ei weld? Bron dim byd. Rydw i’n eistedd mewn ystafell, ar gadair fach o flaen y bwrdd bach. Mae hi’n dawel, ac yn dywyll. Mae cannwyll ar y bwrdd.

Mae rhywun yn dod i mewn.

"Mae hi’n bryd i fynd, eich Mawredd," meddai llais.

"Beth?"

"Mae hi’n bryd, Y Brenin Charles. Mae’r fwyall yn disgwyl amdanoch."

"O, na – Y Brenin Charles, y cyntaf, Charles Steward ydw i! Mae’n draed moch arna i!".

Hedfan i ffwrdd eto. Roeddwn i eisiau ymweld â Chymru dros ben. Dacw yn gyflym – ond y tro yma, rydw i eisiau bod fy hunan.

Yn sydyn, dyma fi yng Nhgymru. Rydw i’n eistedd mewn sedd galed bren. Rydw i’n edrych o amgylch y lle. Mae capel bach yn llawn o bobl. Mae’r menywod yn eistedd ar un ochr, a’r dynion ar y ochr arall. Maen nhw’n gwisgo dillad du a hetiau du. Rydw i’n gwisgo crys pinc a thei coch â dotiau polca. Trowsus glas sydd gennyf, does dim het.

Mae yna ddyn yn sefyll o’n blaen ni ac yn gweiddi. Christmas Evans ydy e. Fe sylwodd e fi ar unwaith.

"Pwy ydych chi’n ymddangos yn sydyn rhyngddyn ni? Nid angel sydd wedi neidio o’r nefoedd. Cythrawl ydych chi, rydw i’n siwr!"

"Nage, Americanwr ydw i!"

"Yr un peth," meddai. "Methodist ydych chi?"

"Nage."

"Llabyddiwch!"

I ffwrdd eto. Yn ôl i’r Swyddfa a’r cloc ar y wal yn dweud 5 o’r gloch o’r diwedd. Mae’r dydd wedi dod i ben. Mae hi’n bryd i fynd adre.

Mae’r daith adre yn hir. Mae’r traffig yn ddiflas fel arfer. Mae’r dydd yn boeth a dydy’r peiriant air-condisioning ddim yn gweithio – fel arfer.

Ar ôl i fi gyrraedd gartre, rydw i’n cael nghwrdd â ngwraig.

"Cariad bach, roedd rhaid i fi siopa heddiw. Ffrog mwyaf hardd yn y byd prynais i. Dim ond dau gant o ddolarau oedd hi."

"Nhad, dw i eisiau mynd gyda’m ffrindiau i’r sinema ac wedyn i’r ddisco. Ga i ddeng nolar, os gwelwch chi’n dda? Dw i’n addo i’w rhoi yn ôl," meddai’r ferch.

"Roedd y ci yn sal ar y carped y bore yma", dwedodd mab. "Fe anghofiais i dorri’r lawnt. Gwnaf yfory."

"Doeddwn i ddim eisiau coginio heno ar ôl siopa," dwedodd fy ngwraig. "Gwnawn fynd allan i’r ty bwyta newydd."

Rydw i wedi eistedd i lawr. Rydw i’n cau fy llygaid. Rydw i’n hedfan i ffwrdd.

Robert Roser


If I Were …

"If I were a rich man…," sings Tefia in the comedy "Fiddler On The Roof".

How many times do you hear these words? Not only "if I was rich", but "if I was Someone else" or "if I had Something special". For example: "If I was rich, I’d help poor people, give money to the chapel (or church), or give money to Cymdeithas Madog."

Many women think: if I were a man, I wouldn’t have to work so hard. Many men surely think: if I were a woman, I wouldn’t have to work so hard.

If I were … That’s everyone’s dream around the world. Many times I have these dreams during the day while sitting behind the desk, looking at the computer screen. But now I’m not in the cave-office-cubicle- I’m the real caveman.

Here I am wearing wild animal fur. I’m sitting before the fire. Mae hair is long and wild. I’m chewing on a bone. And a bear is standing by the entrance and he’s very mad.

Fly away at once! I’m landing in Roman times. But I landed in the Collesium. I’m a gladiator. Well, good, so I’m ready for an adventure. The other gladiator, who looks exactly like an office manager, is standing in front of me. Sword to sword, the fight starts. I’m falling. I fall on the sand. The manager stands above. The thumbs of the people are turned down. Good lord! It’s high time to fly again!

Away I go!

Where to? This time I don’t want to be a poor man. I’ve got a great idea. What do I see. Almost nothing. I’m sitting in a room on a small chair before the small table. It’s quiet and dark. There’s a candle on the table.

Someone comes in.

"It’s time to go, your Majesty," said a voice.

"What?"

"It’s time, King Charles. The axe is awaiting for you."

"Oh, no – King Charles, the first. I’m Charles Stewart. I’m in a real mess!"

Fly away again. I wanted to visit Wales badly. Yonder quickly – but this time, I want to be myself.

Suddenly, here I am in Wales. I’m sitting on a hard wooden seat. I look around the place. The little chapel is full of people. The women are sitting on one side, and the men on the other. They’re wearing black clothes and black hats. I’m wearing a pink shirt and a red tie with polca dots. I have blue pants, no hat.

There’s a man standing in front of us and shouting. He’s Christmas Evans. He noticed me at once.

"Who are you appearring suddlen amongst us? No angel who has jumped from Heavan. You’re a devil, I’m sure!"

"No, I’m an American!"

"The same thing," he said. "Are you a Methodist?"

"No."

"Stone him!"

Away again. Back to the office, and the clock on the wall says 5 o’clock at last. The day has come to an end. It’s time to go home.

The trip home is long. The traffic’s awful as usual. The day is hot and the air-conditioning isn’t working – as usual.

After arriving home, I am met by my wife.

"Dear, I had to go shopping today. I bought the most beautiful dress in the world. It only cost $200."

"Dad, I want to go with my friends to the cinema and then to the disco. Can I have $10, please? I promise to give it back," said my daughter.

"The dog was sick on the carpet this morning", said a son. "I forgot to mow the lawn. I’ll do it tomorrow."

"I didn’t want to cook tonight after shopping," said my wife. "We’ll go out to the new restaurant."

I sit down. I close my eyes. I’m flying away.

Robert Roser
Cyfieithiad gan / Translation by John Otley

Humour – Mutations And Their Side Effects

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Diana Gehman has attended a countless number of Cymdeithas Madog Welsh courses over the years, and thus is very familiar with the dangers of mutations. Therefore, heed her warning!


Mutations And Their Side Effects

Mutations are one of the terrors of learning Welsh. Many of us have dealt with them for a number of years. Those of you who are beginning to study Welsh may have only touched lightly on the subject of mutations. What the teachers don’t want you to know is that you are opening Pandora’s box. So, just wait until next year when the box opens wider and the meanings of soft, nasal, and aspirate will no longer be associated with complications accompanying pneumonia and influenza. However, when one gets into the real meat of mutations, one may find a preference for pneumonia or influenza.

The good news is there are only nine letters ever involved in a mutation. These letters are: p, t, c, b, d, g, m, ll, rh. Another surprise! Some double consonants are considered one letter in Welsh. So, who said it’d be easy? Besides, think of the added challenge of filling in a Welsh crossword puzzle. Yes, it does bring a few cross words to mind. Well, back to those nine all-important letters. Here’s a mnemonic device to help you remember them (courtesy of Lucinda Myers). "Put That Cow Back Down, Goober. Memorize LLama RHapsodies." It is important to remember these famous nine in order. It’ll make things easier (yeah, right…) later on.

The first mutation is the soft mutation. Any word beginning with any of the nine aforementioned letters qualifies for the soft mutation. Of course, whether or not the soft mutation is used or not depends on certain rules, which will be discussed later. Application of the soft mutation will change the above-mentioned nine letters to: b, d, g, f, dd, – , f, l, r. Now, so far I have no mnemonic device for these letters in English, German, French, Spanish, or Russian as I can find no words beginning with dd or " – ". I’m sure one could be made in Welsh, but I’ve spent too much energy on mutations already. The thing I find beyond comprehension is, if a p mutates to a b, and a b mutates to an f, then why doesn’t a p just mutate straight through to an f? The same could be said for t to d to dd and c to g to " – ". And why do both b and m mutate to an f ? The only relation I can see between a b and an m is that in the upper case, a b looks like an m on its side. Life must have been very boring early on to have nothing better to do than sit around the fire and think up mutations.

The second mutation is the nasal mutation. It is aptly named, as will soon be seen. It involves only the first six letters of the nine. The changes are: mh, nh, ngh, m, n, ng. How in Heaven’s name does one pronounce these? Well, remember that last attack of hayfever — that sound that’s made when trying to stifle a sneeze or clear clogged nasal passages? That’s just about how these are pronounced. See what I mean? Aptly named.

The third, and thank goodness, final mutation is the aspirate mutation. It also earns its name. Only the first three letters of the nine are used. The changes are: ph, th, ch. The first two are pronounced the same as in English. It’s the last one that causes problems for some. Remember that last bout with the flu when the doctor gave that prescription for cough syrup with codeine to help clear the lungs? The sound that’s made trying to accomplish the task of clearing one’s lungs is the sound needed here.

The basic rule that I use is, "When in doubt, mutate!" There are set rules for mutations, but it’ll take a lifetime and a half to get them all down. Here are a few basics.


  1. All feminine singular nouns take a soft mutation after the definite article. Does this sound sexist to anyone else? Why does it have to be the feminine singular nouns that cause a problem? And where is the logic when feminine plural nouns don’t mutate under the same condition? And, wrth gwrs, why would there need to be a rule unless there was an exception? Ll and rh don’t mutate here. Perhaps they are lazy.

  2. Connecting yn causes a soft mutation in anything but a verb-noun (does verb-noun sound oxymoronic? Oh, and, wrth gwrs, ll and rh are excepted, again), but yn meaning in causes a nasal mutation. The nasal mutation itself can cause yn to alter its appearance as well. It can change to ym or yng depending on the mutation of what follows it. Perhaps that is called a kickback.

  3. Here is a really terrific rule about inflected verbs in the negative. To make matters worse, two types of mutations need to be considered here. If the inflected verb begins with the first three of the nine, then it takes an aspirate mutation. If it begins with the other six, then it takes a soft mutation.

So far, I haven’t found any rule that requires all three mutations, thank goodness. Their use might depend on such things as, "If it’s Tuesday and raining (quite likely in Wales), Wednesday and snowing, or Friday and sunny." These seem about as reasonable as not.

I have had the joy, too, of finding a place where Welsh strangles itself on its own mutations. The words ban, man, and fan. They are all feminine. Therefore, the first two will mutate after y. They will now become y fan, y fan, and y fan respectively. Did I hear someone whisper, "You can tell what they mean by the context of the sentence?" Sure.

Please be advised that Welsh IS the language of Heaven. I expect God threw mutations into it to weed out the undesirables. After all, who — without a strong faith that she or he could master such nonsense — would continue the venture into the study of Welsh and the mastery of mutations?

Chair 1993 – Mae Breuddwyd ‘Da Fi

Y ddarn fuddugol yn nghystadleuaeth Gadair Cymdeithas Madog, Cwrs Cymraeg Ottawa A’r Cylch, 1993 gan Suran Y Coed (Wayne Harbert)


Mae Breuddwyd ‘Da Fi

Mae breuddwyd ‘da fi.
Pont rhwng nawr ac yfory ydy hi.
Mae’r hafn rhyngddyn yn llydan ac yn ddwfn.
Sut gallwn i groesi hebddi?

Des i â’m merch
I’r cymer hardd hwn o’r afonydd
I adeiladu ynghyd pont o freuddwyd
Drwy rannu pethau gyda’n gilydd
Yr oeddwn i wedi dod yn eu caru:
Hen iaith, ffrindiau newydd,
Hanes a hanesyn, cân a Chymreigrwydd.

A rydw i’n breuddwydio dros fy ngeneth
Y bydd digon o awch a heddwch ac amser
Iddi hithau fynd yn saer pontydd gwerthfawr
Rhwng yfory ac yn awr.

Suran Y Coed


I Have A Dream

I have a dream.
It is a bridge between now and tomorrow.
The space between them is wide and deep.
How could I cross without it?

My daughter and I came
To this fair convergence of rivers
To build together a bridge out of dream
By sharing things with each other
That I had come to love:
Old language, new friends,
history and story, song and Welshness.

And I have a dream for my little girl,
That there will be zest and peace and time enough
For her too to become a builder of bridges of great worth
Between tomorrow and today.

Wayne Harbert
Cyfieithiad gan / Translation by Wayne Harbert

Chair 1991 – Rhaeadrau

Y gerdd fuddugol yn nghystadleuaeth Gadair Cymdeithas Madog, Cwrs Cymraeg Ar Lan Y Niagara, 1991 gan Dros Y Bont (John Otley)


Rhaeadrau

“Tipyn bach o farddoniaeth wael i bobl sy’n masnacheiddio rhyfeddodau”

Edrychwch, siopwr y Niagara,
ar y praidd sy’n heidio hebio,
eu camerâu’n clician, a’i pocedi’n tincian.
Mae ‘na elw mewn prydferthwch.

Gwrandewch, hen was y siop,
ar swn dy register yn canu.
Mae atsain y clych arian yn codi dy galon.
Mae ysbryd y rhaeadrau ar werth.

Gwelwch, berchennog y siop,
ar y bobl sy’n llifo fel afon,
eu lleisiau’n boddi rhu’r rhaeadr.
Mae’n hawdd addoli ar allor arian.

Ond cofiwch, f’annwyl gyfaill,
drwy’r holl dwrw a’r dyrfa,
mewn enfys gain berffaith yng nghalon y bedol,
gellir gweld llaw Duw.

Dros Y Bont


Waterfalls

“A little bit of poor poetry for people who commercialize wonders”

Look, Niagara shopkeeper,
upon the herd that’s swarming by,
their cameras clicking, their pockets tinkling,
There is profit in beauty.

Listen, old servant of the store,
to the noise of your register singing.
The echo of the money bells lifts your heart.
The spirit of the falls is for sale.

Notice, owner of the shop,
the people flowing like a river,
their voices drowning the roar of the fall.
It is easy to worship on the altar of money.

But remember, my dear friend,
through the whole tumult and noise,
in a perfect elegant rainbow at the heart of the horseshoe,
can be seen the hand of God.

John Otley
Cyfieithiad gan / Translation by Alun Hughes

Gramadeg – Welsh Idioms

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Add some colour to your Welsh with some top-notch turns of phrases in this helpful article by Alun Hughes, a frequent teacher on Cymdeithas Madog’s Welsh language weeks.


Priod-dulliau / Idioms

Don’t be put off by the title, which I guess does sound rather dull, for in reality idioms are anything but dull. Indeed, idioms are fascinating, so read on. Idioms are those peculiarities of expression or phraseology, full of meaning (yet often meaningless when taken literally and commonly untranslateable from one language to another), that give a language colour, flexibility and uniqueness. Some English examples will show what I mean:

He ran as fast as his legs could carry him.

He made an off the cuff remark.

He really put a spanner in the works.

Mastery of idioms is often considered a sign of mastery of a language. Anyone with a basic knowledge of English can come up with he ran as fast as he could, but it is a different matter altogether — and much more expressive — to say he ran as fast as his legs could carry him. Welsh is no different from English, and the purpose of this brief article is to introduce some distinctively Welsh idioms (or as they’re called in Welsh, idiomau or priod-ddulliau).

Distinctively Welsh, did I say? Perhaps I should qualify that. Many Welsh idioms are indeed quite distinctive, but others are similar or even identical to idioms found in other languages. Consider, for example, three idioms that use the verb berwi, to boil:

Roedd ei waed y berwi ar ôl clywed y newyddion.
(His blood was boiling after hearing the news)
Beth wnaeth i ti ddod? Mae eisiau berwi dy ben.
(What made you come? You need your head boiled / = read.)
Roedd y plentyn yn berwi fel cawl pys.
(The child was boiling like pea soup / = was chattering incessantly.)

The first example is a straight translation of the English (which is not to say that the English came first!), the second is similar to the English, and the third is quite different. This provides us with a simple (if not entirely hard and fast) classification for examining idioms in the Welsh language, so let us begin with some idioms that have exact English counterparts:

Fe wnaeth Twm lyncu’r abwyd ar unwaith.
(Twm swallowed the bait immediately.)
Bu’r taith yn agoriad llygad i’r ferch fach.
(The journey was an eye-opener for the little girl.)
Gwisgodd esgidiau ail-law am ei draed.
(He wore second-hand shoes on his feet.)
Af i’r dre yn fy amser da fy hun.
(I’ll go to town in my own good time.)
Roedd y bachgen dan fawd ei dad.
(The boy was under his father’s thumb.)
Rydw i allan o’m dyfnder yn fy ngwaith.
(I am out of my depth in my work.)
Bydd rhaid i ni ladd amser cyn i’r trên ddod.
(We’ll have to kill time before the train comes.)
Neidiodd o’r badell ffrio i’r tan.
(He jumped from the frying pan into the fire.)
Mae hi’n siarad trwy ei het.
(She is talking through her hat.)

Idioms like these are familiar enough to English speaker, but sometimes you need to be careful lest you misinterpret them. Take for example the saying ail i ddim. Literally translated this is second to none, but the correct meaning is next to nothing, as in the sentence, roedd ganddi ail i ddim ar ôl (She had next to nothing left). Which brings us to the second group, comprising idioms that are similar to English ones yet have a special Welsh flavour:

Cymerwch ofal rhag ofn i chi brynu cath mewn cwd.
(Take care lest you buy a cat in a sack / = pig in a poke.)
Mae hi’n bwrw hen wragedd a ffyn / cyllyll a ffyrc.
(It’s raining old ladies and sticks / knives and forks / = cats and dogs.)
Roedden nhw’n dynn fel penwaig yn yr halen.
(They were tight like herrings in the salt / = sardines in a tin.)
Mae Ianto ni yn dipyn o aderyn.
(Our Ianto is a bit of a bird / = bit of a lad.)
Cannwyll fy llygad oedd fy mab.
(My son was the candle of my eye / = apple of my eye.)
Agorais y drws â’m calon yn fy ngwddf.
(I opened the door with my heart in my throat / = heart in my mouth.)
Siaradai’r hen wraig pymtheg yn y dwsin bob amser.
(The old woman always talked fifteen in the dozen / = nineteen to the dozen.)
Rydw i’n yfed cwrw ond unwaith yn y pedwar amser.
(I only drink beer once in the four seasons / = once in a blue moon.)
Roedd y ci cyn farwed â hoelen arch.
(The dog was as dead as a coffin nail / = as dead as a doornail.)
Fe godais yn y bore bach.
(I arose in the little morning / = wee hours.)

Finally, we come to the most fascinating class of all, those idioms that (so far as I know!) are uniquely Welsh:

Rhuthrodd ef i’r ty â’i wynt yn ei ddwrn.
(He rushed into the house with his breath in his fist / = in a great hurry.)
Rwy’n barod i roi’r ffidil yn y tô.
(I’m ready to put the fiddle in the roof / = to give up.)
Rwy’n teimlo fel tynnu blewyn o’i drwyn.
(I feel like pulling a hair from his nose / = doing something nasty to him.)
Mae fy nhad-cu yn rhydiau’r afon.
(My grandfather’s in the fords of the river / = on his death bed.)
Mi rown fy mhen i’w dorri y byddan nhw’n priodi.
(I’ll give my head for breaking / = I’m absolutely certain / they’ll get married.)
Mae hi’n siarad fel melin bupur.
(She talks like a pepper mill / = talks non-stop.)
Rwy’n edrych ymlaen at gynnu t$acirc;n ar hen aelwyd.
(I’m looking forward to lighting a fire on an old hearth / = renewing an old love.)
Mae hi yn llygad ei lle yn ei barn.
(She is the eye of her place / = totally correct / in her opinion.)
Roedd y cwbl yn freuddwyd gwrach wrth ei hewyllys.
(It was all the dream of a witch according to her will / = wishful thinking.)
Paid â chodi pais ar ôl piso.
(Don’t lift a petticoad after p—ing / = cry over spilt milk; shut the stable door after the horse has gone.)

All these idioms — even the last one — appear in Llyfr o Idiomau Cymraeg by R. E. Jones, published by Gwasg John Penry. The same author has also produced a second volume, Ail Lyfr o Idiomau Cymraeg. Two other very useful collections are: Cymraeg Idiomatig by C. P. Cule, published by D. Brown a’i Feibion; and Y Geiriau Bach by Cennard Davies, published by Gwasg Gomer. The latter is aimed specifically at learners, and as the title (The Little Words) hints, groups idioms according to the prepositions (am, ar, at, dros, gan, etc.) that occur in them.

Part of the richness of any language derives from its idioms. In a world language like English, new idioms are being created almost daily — relatively recent examples are: the bottom line, put on the back burner, and get a handle on. Welsh, like all languages, has a vast store of native idioms, but the process of idiom creation proceeds much more slowly than in English, and there is a real danger that the stock of idioms will become progressively depleted (and the language impoverished) as time goes on. The solution? Learn these expressions, and use them! To quote in translation Thomas Parry’s introduction to Llyfr o Idiomau Cymraeg:

“I hope that everyone who uses Welsh seriously in speech and in writing will make room for these sayings in their language, in order to preserve them for our linguistic consciousness as a nation … There has never been a greater need than there is today for contemplating the words of Emrys ap Iwan: ‘As shall be the language, so shall be the man, and so shall be the nation. Good language promotes civilization, and poor language, or language that is not used well, hinders civilization.'”

Chair 1990 – Gwreiddiau

Y darn fuddugol yn nghystadleuaeth Gadair Cymdeithas Madog, Cwrs Cymraeg Bro Ohio, 1990 gan Graham Hughes


Gwreiddiau

Ym mha le y ddylwn i chwilio am fy ngwreiddiau?

Ces i fy ngeni mewn tref ddiwydiannol yn Ne Cymru, lle r’oedd y Cymraeg yn edwino a bron yn diflannu pan oeddwn i’n blentyn. Aferai fy nhad siarad Gwenhwyseg, tafodiaith swynol y cymoedd, ond ni siaradai fy mam dim gair o’r iaith, er iddi ddod o deulu yn llwyr Cymreig, a’ thad hi wedi sylfaenu capel Cymraeg yn y dref. (Calfaria, capel y Bedyddwy – rwy’n ei gofio yn finiog dros y blynyddoeth).

Ond, yn y trychineb ofnadwy a ddioddefodd yr iaith, yn y ganrif hon, magwyd fy mam gan fy nhadcu a’m mamgu yn uniaith Saesneg. Byddai’r Gymraeg, yn eu barn nhw, yn rwystredigaeth i lwyddiant yn y byd cyfoes. Efallai eu bod nhw’n iawn.

Wel, dyma fi yn esiampl o’u rhagweliad nhw. Mynd i brifysgol enwog yn Lloegr, mynd yn fargyfreithiwr yn Llundain, yn athro y gyfraith mewn prifysgol enwog yn America. Ysgrifennu llyfrau yn Saesneg; dadlau yn llysgoedd uchaf Lloegr ac American yn Saesneg. Dyna gamp! Llwyddiant ni ellid ei dyfalu gan fy nhadcu a’m mamgu. Llwyddiant dros ben!

Ond dyma beth od! Ar unwaith ar ôl i mi ymadael â Chymru, yn syth dechreuais i deimlo rhyw chwithdod yn y gwythiennau. Hiraethai fy ysbryd am yr hen ddyddiau gynt, a cheisio i neidio dros y cenhedlaethau i gysylltu â fy nghyndeidiau oedd yn byw heb dorri gair o Saesneg. Bu gorfod i mi gychwyn ar y daith hir a brwydro i grafangu yn ôl darn o’m hetifeddiaeth a aeth ar goll. Trwy’r flynyddoedd, yn boenus o araf, rwy wedi ail-gipio ynys fechan o’r filltir sgwar lle trigai’r Cymry.

Ond paham? Peth hawdd ydy colli iaith, ond pa mor hir a chaled yw’r llwybr i’w ail-ennill. Ond fyddai’n haws i gefnu ar yr hen wlad a’r hen iaith a chymodi a’r realiti cyfoes? Ar ôl gyrfa ar uchelgais yn anelu yn unig at lwyddiant ym myd eang y diwylliant Saesneg, “beth yw’r ots gennyf i am Gymru?”

Ond mae’r gwreiddiau yn gadarn, ond ydynt? Mae llawenydd a dagrau y profiad Cymreig trwy’r oesau yn dal i bwyso arnaf a fyddan nhw ddim yn fy ngadael i’n llonydd. D’ydi hyn ddim yn reswm i ofidio. Mae’r heniaith yn rhoi arial i’m calon ac, fel y dywed y bard:

“Nol blino treiglo pob tref
Teg edrych tuag adref.”

Ie, wir, peth cadarn ydi gwreiddiau.

Graham Hughes


Roots

I was born in an industrial town in South Wales where the Welsh language was in a state of decay, on the verge of disappearing, even when I was a child. My father spoke Gwenhwysig, that charming dialect of the valleys, but my mother could not speak a word of the old language, even though she came from a completely Welsh family, and her father had founded a Welsh language chapel in the town. (It was a Baptist chapel, Calfaria, and I remember it so sharply after all these years).

But, in that terrible disaster that overwhelmed the language in this century, my grandparents brought up my mother to be monoglot English. They thought that Welsh would be an impediment to success in the modern world. Perhaps they were right.

I am certainly an example of their foresight. I went to a famous English university, became a barrister in London and a professor of law in a well known American university. I wrote books in English and argued in English in the highest courts in England and America. What a success story! Acheivements that my grandparents could not have dreamed of. Tremendous success!

But something peculiar happened. Once I had left Wales, suddenly I could feel a current of uneasiness in my veins. My spirit seemed to yearn for bygone days; it sought to leap over generations and link up with my ancestors who had lived without ever speaking a word of English. I felt compelled to set out on a long journey, to struggle to wrest back some piece of my lost inheritance. And over the years, in a painfully slow way, I have managed to retake possession of a small strip of that square mile where the Welsh once lived.

But why? It’s so easy to lose a language and the path to regaining it is so long and hard. Wouldn’t it be easier to turn one’s back on the old country and the old language and come to terms with contemporary reality? When all my ambition and my carerr had been directed at success int he broad world of English culture, “what should Wales matter to me?”

But roots are so powerful, aren’t they? The joy and the tears of the Welsh experience through the ages are always in my mind; they won’t let me forget. But that’s not something to regret. The old language thrills me, and, as the poet wrote:

“After wandering through so many lands,
It is sweet to look towards home.”

Yes, roots are powerful things, indeed.

Graham Hughes
Cyfieithiad gan / Translation by Graham Hughes

Gramadeg – When You Have To Say Have

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“Have” is one of the most difficult words to translate into Welsh. Here’s some helpful advice by Alun Hughes, a frequent teacher on Cymdeithas Madog’s Welsh language weeks.


When You Have To Say “Have”

I remember once being teased by an English girl about the fact that certain Welsh words have more than one meaning. Glas was one she picked on, for amongst other things glas can mean blue, green or grey. ‘Are you Taffies colour-blind?’ she asked, her eyes of glas (being a Taffy I couldn’t tell which variety, though they weren’t brown, which is just as well because the Welsh language lacks its own word for brown) twinkling merrily. Totally captivated, I was able only to stammer unconvincingly, ‘many languages have words like that, even English,’ before blushing deep red and, well, moving on to other things. Which in retrospect is too bad, for I could have quoted many similar examples from her own language. One of these — the word ‘have,’ and how it translates into Welsh — is the subject of this article.

A quick check of the dictionary reveals over a dozen distinct meanings for ‘have,’ which makes glas seem positively pallid by comparison (for glas, read grey). Not only that, several of those meanings are so basic that ‘have’ is one of the most widely used words in the language (I have no evidence to prove this claim, but it just has to be true — in fact I’ve used the word in different guises three times in these parentheses alone!). Let us look at how these same meanings are expressed in Welsh, where the situation is much less straightforward.

One of the most important uses of ‘have’ is to denote possession, as in ‘she has a book,’ or indeed ‘I have no evidence.’ Welsh has its own verb meaning ‘to have’ — cael — but unfortunately it can’t be used in this sense! I shouldn’t really say unfortunately, for it implies that Welsh is somehow deficient which isn’t the case at all, though the Welsh way of expressing possession does sound rather awkward to ears accustomed to English. In Welsh, for ‘she has a book’ you have to say, ‘there is a book with her,’ i.e., mae llyfr gyda hi. Another example is roedd car gyda’r dyn — ‘the man had a car.’

Note the structure of these sentences: verb + noun + preposition + noun/pronoun. The first noun is the object of the equivalent English sentence, and the noun or pronoun at the end is the subject. This structure is very commen in Welsh, and to Welsh ears it doesn’t sound awkward at all.

And so, when the thing ‘possessed’ is a quality or attribute rather than a possession in the normal sense, the same structure is used, albeit with a minor change. Thus, ‘the church has beautiful windows’ is mae ffenestri hardd i’r eglwys, literally, ‘there are beautiful windows to the church,’ the difference being that the preposition i replaces gyda. In the same fashion, the famous Canadian current-affairs program ‘This Hour Has Seven Days’ would have been Mae Saith Diwrnod I’r Awr Hon had it been produced on S4C in Wales.

The same structure is used to express ‘have’ in the sense of ‘be affected by’ or ‘be suffering from.’ Thus ‘he has a headache’ is mae pen tost gyda fe, or ‘there is a sick head with him.’ If the ailment in question does not make reference to a specific part of the body, as in ‘you have the measles,’ the structure is unchanged but the presposition becomes ar: mae’r frech goch arnat ti, literally (though none too agreeably) ‘the red pox is on you.’

Another ‘have’ that can be conveyed by the same structure is the ‘have’ of obligation or requirement, as in ‘I have to.’ In Welsh, this is mae rhaid i fi, or ‘there is necessity for me.’ Normally, of course, the phrase is followed by whatever it is that has to be done, as in mae rhaid iddo fe fynd (‘he has to go’), and Oes rhaid i ni ganu? (‘do we have to sing?’). As can be seen, the verb denoting the action undergoes soft mutation.

A different sort of ‘have’ altogether is the one that signifies a past action, as in ‘they have eaten.’ The Welsh word for this ‘have,’ technically known as an aspect marker, is wedi. And so ‘they have eaten’ is maen nhw wedi bwyta. This is the perfect tense of the verb, and you may think of it as being ‘derived’ from the present tense (mae nhw yn bwyta — ‘they are eating’) by replacing one aspect marker, yn, by another, wedi.

We can of course put almost any verb after wedi, to indicate any number of past actions, and one of these in fact is the Welsh word for ‘to have,’ cael, as in rydw i wedi cael. But what exactly does cael mean in this context? More generally, what meanings of ‘have’ does cael convey that have not been covered already?

Well, there are several of these, and I’ll just mention two of the most important ones. The first, a kind of catch-all meaning really, is ‘have’ in the sense of ‘experience,’ or ‘take,’ or ‘receive,’ as in ‘she’ll have a good time,’ ‘I have lunch at midday,’ and ‘Twm had a car on his birthday.’ In Welsh these become fe fydd hi’n cael amser da, rydw i’n cael cinio am hanner dydd, and fe gafodd Twm car ar ei benblwydd (gafodd being a past tense form of cael). If the third of these examples sounds a little strange to North American ears, it’s because this use of ‘have’ to mean ‘receive’ is more old world than new. Combining cael with wedi, as we did in the last paragraph, we can also say things in the perfect tense, like rydw i wedi cael cinio yn barod, meaning ‘I have had lunch already.’

The other use of cael follows on from this example, in that it too involves the use of cael with wedi. This is to help convey the perfect tense of the passive, as in ‘they have been seen.’ In Welsh this is maen nhw wedi cael eu gweld, literally, ‘they have had their seeing.’ Another example is roedd y ferch wedi cael ei chosbi (‘the girl had been punished’). It should be noted cael is sometimes present only by implication in this construction, as for example in maen nhw wedi eu gweld.

The English ‘have’ has other meanings also, as in ‘please have this done at once,’ ‘I won’t have this nonsense,’ ‘she has a little French,’ ‘he has him where he wants him,’ ‘I feel I’ve been had,’ and “have at you!’ But I will have mercy, for I’m sure you’ve had enough, so I’ll have done with it. Have a nice day, now.

Alun Hughes

Chair 1989 – Breuddwydio

Y gerdd fuddugol yn nghystadleuaeth Gadair Cymdeithas Madog, Cwrs Cymraeg Bro Boston, 1989 gan Gwr Y Gogledd (John Otley)


Breuddwydio / Dreaming

Rôn i’n syllu yn flinedig ar y cysgodion
oedd yn dawnsio fel “ballerinas” llwyd
ar lwyfan fy nenfwd brwnt.
Roedd glesni anial yn goleuo’r stafell o’r stryd islaw,
yn hollti’r tywyllwch poeth llaith
oedd yn gafael ynof yn ei grafangau llym.
Ar y briffordd bell, roedd cerddorfa
o gyrn ceir yn canu galargân.
A dyma fi’n gorwedd ar fy ngwely,
heb gysgu, heb ddihuno.

Yno, mi wywodd y cyngerdd aflafar.
Dim gair, dim sibrwd, dim swn.
Y nos heb lais.
Roedd niwl oer gwlyb yn cropian drwy’r ffenest fel cath,
yn llenwi’r stafell fel dwr mewn potel.

Ac yn y tawelwch poenus, mi weles i fyd llwyd,
haearn a rhwd, dur a lludw, maen a baw,
ac adeiladau anhygoel oedd yn herio’r nefoedd.
Mi weles i law brown budr yn syrthio o gymylau fel llech.
A lle roedd y dwr yn llifo,
mi fyddai’r concrit yn toddi fel menyn.

Roedd pobl llwyd yn gwibio heibio
fel gloynnau byw di-liw ar frys gwyllt,
yn cerdded mewn preiddiau o le i le
Roedd eu hwynebau fel maen, yn galed ac yn oer,
heb angerdd, heb bwrpas.
Roedd pawb yn dilyn.
Doedd neb yn arwain.

Mi gerddon nhw heibio i’r gwely
yn ceisio osgoi llygaid yr eneth fach
oedd yn gwerthu glas y gors ger y wardrÙb.
Stopion nhw ddim i edrych ar y rhyfeddod blodeuog,
estron lliwgar yn y byd llwyd.
A phan basion nhw, mi droion nhw ei stondin drosodd
heb feddwl, heb ofal.
Mi adawon nhw’r eneth yn sefyll ar ei phen ei hen
ynghanol adfeilion ei bywyd,
dagrau hallt yn disgleirio fel rhuddemau
yn ngolau gwan yr haul coch.

Yna, mi glywes i swn rhyfedd, cras.
Roedd rhywun yn chwerthin yn walltgo
fel rhyw fath of ffwl.
Ac mi sylweddolies yn sydyn mai fi oedd y ffwl ‘na.
Mi eisteddes i i fyny ar fy ngwely,
chwys oer yn llifo o’m hwyneb a’m cefn,
‘nghalon yn curo fel tabwrdd bas.
Ond roedd yr heulwen felen groesawgar
yn estyn ei bysedd cynnes drwy’r ffenest,
a roedd robin goch yn dathlu’r dydd newydd
o goeden afalau gyfeillgar.
Mi gysures i fy hun wrth feddwl
mai dim on hunllef oedd hi.

On’d oedd hi?

Gwr Y Gogledd


Dreaming

I was tiredly staring at the shadows
that were dancing like grey ballerinas
on my dirty ceiling stage.
A desolate blueness lit the room from the street below,
splitting the warm damp darkness
that gripped me in its sharp claws.
On the distant highway, an orchestra
of car horns was playing a dirge.
And there I lay on my bed,
not sleeping, not waking.

Then the cachophonic concert faded.
No word, no whisper, no sound.
The night without voice.
A cold wet fog was creeping through the window like a cat,
filling the room like water in a bottle.

And in the painful silence, I saw a grey world,
iron and rust, steel and ash, stone and dirt,
and incredible buildings that were challenging the heavens.
I saw a dirty brown rain falling from clouds like slate.
And where the water ran,
concrete would melt like butter.

Grey people flitted past
like colourless butterflies at a mad dash,
walking in flocks from place to place.
Their faces were like stone, hard and cold,
without passion, without purpose.
Everyone was following.
No-one was leading.

They walked by the bed,
trying to avoid the eyes of the little girl
who was selling forget-me-nots by the wardrobe.
They didn’t stop to look at the flowery wonder,
a colourful stranger in the grey world.
And when they passed, they turned her stand over
without thinking, without caring.
They left the girl standing by herself
in the ruins of her life,
salty tears glittering like rubies
in the weak light of the red sun.

Then I heard a strange harsh sound.
Someone was laughing madly
like some sort of fool.
And I suddenly realised that I was that fool.
I sat up in my bed,
cold sweat running from my face and back,
my heart beating like a bass drum.
But the yellow hospitable sunlight
was stretching its warm fingers through the window,
and a robin was celebrating the new day
from a friendly apple tree.
I consoled myself in the thought
that it was only a nightmare.

Wasn’t it?

John Otley
Cyfieithiad gan / Translation by Alun Hughes